Guia alimentar para a população brasileira
Preparation and use of food-based dietary guidelines
Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control
Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Insights From Framingham Heart Study
Resumo: Epidemiology involves the study of disease frequency and its determinants within the population. Cardiovascular epidemiology began in the 1930s as a result of changes observed in the causes of death. In the 1950s, several epidemiological studies were set in motion with the aim of clarifying the cause of cardiovascular disease. Four years after the Framingham Heart Study started, researchers had identified high cholesterol and high blood pressure levels as important factors in the development of cardiovascular disease. In subsequent years, the Framingham study and other epidemiological studies have helped to identify other risk factors, which are now considered classical risk factors. By coining the expression «risk factor», the Framingham Heart Study helped to bring about a change in the way medicine is practiced. Today, a risk factor is defined as a measurable characteristic that is causally associated with increased disease frequency and that is a significant independent predictor of an increased risk of presenting with the disease. This wide-ranging overview describes some of the most important insights into the causes of cardiovascular disease to have come from the Framingham Heart Study. The emphasis is on the identification of risk factors, and the assessment of their predictive ability and their implications for disease prevention.
Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in the 21st Century: Updated Numbers and Updated Facts
Resumo: According to updated statistics, cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death both in United States (source: American Heart Association, 2013) and worldwide (data of the World Health Organization, 2013). In this special short report the current epidemiological data concerning cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke are presented. Cardiovascular disorders represent the foremost cause of preventable death globally. Indeed, efforts to improve lifestyles, controlling lifestyle-related major cardiovascular risk factors, will definitely contribute to cardiovascular disease prevention.
Recomendações de alimentação e nutrição saudável para a população brasileira
Resumo: Apresentamos sugestões para a definição de guias alimentares para a população brasileira, excetuando as crianças. Os principais objetivos dessas recomedações são a manutenção de peso saudável e a prevenção da obesidade, das doenças cardiovasculares, do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e da osteoporose. As mensagens para o público têm duas pressuposições: retomar hábitos saudáveis da dieta brasileira e estimular o consumo de alimentação saudável ao invés de formular proibições. As principais mensagens incluem: consumo de alimentos variados, em 4 refeições ao dia; manutenção de um peso saudável; aumento da atividade física diária; ingestão de arroz e feijão todos os dias, acompanhados de legumes e vegetais folhosos; ingestão de 4 a 5 porções de frutas todos os dias; redução do açúcar; evitar uso de refrigerantes; para lanches, comer frutas ao invés de biscoitos, bolos e salgadinhos; comer pouco sal; usar óleos e azeite ao invés de outras gorduras; tomar leite e comer produtos lácteos, com baixo teor de gordura, pelo menos 3 vezes por dia.
Our time: a call to save preventable death from cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke)
Resumo: Worldwide, the aging population, globalization, rapid urbanization, and population growth have fundamentally changed disease patterns. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), of which cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for nearly half, have overtaken communicable diseases as the world’s major disease burden. CVD remains the No. 1 global cause of death, accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to >23.6 million by 2030. Increasingly, the populations affected are those in low- and middle-income countries, where 80% of these deaths occur, usually at younger ages than in higher-income countries, and where the human and financial resources to address them are most limited.
The epidemiological transition occurring is exacerbated by the lack of vital investment in sustainable health policies to address and curtail the risk factors associated with CVD and NCDs. Recognizing the profound mismatch between the need for investment in the prevention and control of CVD at the global and national level and the actual resources allocated, the international CVD community, under the umbrella of the World Heart Federation, joined the NCD community to call for a United Nations (UN) High-level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases, held in September 2011. At this meeting, heads of state signed a Political Declaration that committed governments to the development of 4 specific measures to address the NCD burden in a specific timeline: (1) Recommendations for a global monitoring framework that included NCD targets to be completed by the end of 2012; (2) development of a plan for an effective multisector partnership by the end of 2012; (3) national NCD plans by 2013; and (4) a comprehensive review to evaluate progress, to take place in 2014.
Publicado: julho de 2019.
